Rental Property Calculator UK

A complete UK buy-to-let model, cash flow, cap rate, cash-on-cash, IRR and the Section 24 finance-cost restriction, over your whole holding period.

£
%

£50,000, loan £150,000

%
Stamp Duty (SDLT)£11,500
£
£
£

Gross annual £14,400

%
%

of rent

%

of property value/yr

£

per year

£

per month

£

per month

Used for the Section 24 calculation below.

Cap rate
4.75%
Cash-on-cash (yr 1)
-0.38%
Gross yield
7.20%
IRR (10yr)
5.90%

Year 1 cash flow

Gross annual rent£14,400
Effective rent (after 8% vacancy)£13,248
Operating expenses£-3,740
Net operating income (NOI)£9,508
Mortgage (repayment)£-10,523
Pre-tax cash flow£-1,015
Tax owed (Section 24)£-2,317
After-tax cash flow£-3,332
Section 24: individual landlords cannot deduct mortgage interest. Instead you get a 20% tax credit on interest paid, here £1,486 (20% of £7,430). This often raises tax for higher-rate landlords versus the pre-2017 rules. Limited company landlords are not affected.

Cash invested

Deposit£50,000
Stamp Duty£11,500
Conveyancing + survey£2,100
Total cash in£63,600

Over 10 years

Total cash flow received£-26,926
Equity from paydown£39,113
Net sale proceeds£149,028
Total profit£58,502

Sale in year 10

Sale value£282,120
Selling costs£-4,232
Mortgage to repay£-110,887
CGT on £77,888 gain£-17,973

CGT for individuals uses the £3,000 annual exempt amount and residential rates of 18% (basic) / 24% (higher). Company gains are taxed at Corporation Tax.

Year-by-year projection

YearProperty valueMortgage balanceNOIMortgageTaxAfter-tax CF
1£200,000£146,907£9,508£10,523£2,317£-3,332
2£207,000£143,656£9,783£10,523£2,459£-3,198
3£214,245£140,239£10,066£10,523£2,606£-3,062
4£221,744£136,646£10,358£10,523£2,757£-2,922
5£229,505£132,870£10,657£10,523£2,914£-2,779
6£237,537£128,901£10,966£10,523£3,076£-2,633
7£245,851£124,729£11,283£10,523£3,243£-2,483
8£254,456£120,343£11,609£10,523£3,416£-2,330
9£263,362£115,733£11,944£10,523£3,595£-2,173
10£272,579£110,887£12,290£10,523£3,780£-2,013

How to read these numbers

Cap rate (NOI ÷ price) is the unleveraged property return, compare it on the dedicated Cap Rate Calculator. Cash-on-cash is your year-1 return on the actual cash you put in, including the equity you build through principal repayment. IRR blends every year's cash flow with the eventual sale into a single annualised return, the best single measure of a leveraged hold.

Section 24 is the single biggest reason UK buy-to-let maths changed. Since the 2017–2020 phase-out, individual landlords add all their rental income to their other income and pay tax on the profit before deducting mortgage interest, then receive only a 20% basic-rate credit on that interest. A higher-rate landlord therefore pays effectively 40% on income that funded a 5% mortgage, which is why many now buy through a limited company, where interest remains fully deductible.

Negative early-year cash flow is common for leveraged higher-rate landlords on repayment mortgages; the return then comes from principal paydown and capital growth rather than income. Stress-test by lowering appreciation and raising the mortgage rate to model a remortgage at renewal.

Educational tool, not financial or tax advice. Figures use 2026/27 UK tax rules. Always confirm your position with an accountant.